{"id":2661,"date":"2013-10-20T11:15:23","date_gmt":"2013-10-20T11:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/site\/?p=2661"},"modified":"2018-11-27T11:54:35","modified_gmt":"2018-11-27T09:54:35","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%ac-21-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d8%a5%d8%b1%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%ac-21-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"Beautiful Egypt 26 \u2013 The Crisis of the Empire \u2013 October, 20, 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Let\u2019s resume our talk about the Roman rule when Egypt was a Roman state. We tackled Opellius Macrinus Caesar, who became the first Roman emperor to not hail from the senatorial class, yet he did not stay for long in power as his soldiers revolted against him and murdered him, and then August Bassianus Heliogabalus succeeded him as Caesar of Rome. He was extremely unjust, so the people asked for allowing Alexander Severus, the son of Caracalla Caesar\u2019s wife, to be a participant in power. He accepted reluctantly, and attempted to kill him many times, yet his attempts were uncovered. After Bassianus was killed by the people, Alexander Severus Caesar became his succeeding Caesar.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">Alexander Severus Caesar (222 \u2013 235 AD)<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0After the death of Bassianus, the Roman Senate members announced Alexander Severus a Caesar, as they observed his fairness and wisdom during his co ruling with Bassianus. \u201cHistorians recount that he was of a good conduct and good policy, was a good manager, and successful in all his sayings and acts. His mother was a Christian, he used to ask her counsel on everything regarding his work and deeds\u201d. After assuming the power of Rome, he removed the sun idol \u2013 for which Bassianus had established a great temple in Rome and he had made it to be the greatest Roman god \u2013 as well as all the intruder idols out of Rome, he granted the Romans either to adhere to their old religion or to follow Christianity, he was opposed by the priests of heathens.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Alexander Severus Caesar was interested in issuing moral laws, he set an order to the country\u2019s economics and politics on the best level. He drew people of knowledge and wisdom close to him, spent his times in reading literary books or in doing military exercises. He was eloquent, preaching people with speeches and articles, restoring the grandeur of the Roman Empire to its top glory. He used to consult the Roman Senate in all the ruling affairs to achieve the interest of his people; whom he had alleviated the taxes imposed upon.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0The Caesar believed in developing talents; he allocated prized to the makers in order to motivate them on being excellent in their industries. He was wakeful, active and vigilant about the power affairs, especially the military; he cared about giving his soldiers food, outfits and money in the due time, he used to visit the sick soldiers in their tents. Among his words: \u201cA soldier shall pursue perfect obedience as much as he can. He also has the right to be well dressed, well armored, foot covered, well fed in the best form by the state. He also shall have some money in his pocket to satisfy his needs\u201d. Just as he gave his soldiers their due credit, he used to punish them severely when they stumble. Thus, the flock found a good shepherd, followed his suit in morals and justice.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0While the Caesar was preoccupied with the country and people affairs, concerning about trade, industry and law, a coup was staged in the eastern empire.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanian State, managed to subdued Persia and its surrounding cities under his control, then he proceeded to the Roman kingdoms, so Alexander Severus Caesar hurried to the east with his army. When Ardashir knew, he sent ambassadors demanding all the Persian countries affiliate to the Roman Empire to be submitted to him. Surprised by this boldness, Caesar marched to fight Ardashir.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Alexander was a leader and an emperor who neither feared death nor accepted mistakes. On his way to fight Ardashir, some soldiers disobeyed the military order, so Caesar decided to try them, saying, \u201cBeing silent about the soldiers\u2019 negligence in their duties is a shame to the honor of the kingdom, and it buries the nation&#8217;s law\u201d. Meanwhile, some people gathered to see what would be made to the soldiers, and when they heard Alexander\u2019s words, they made a noise, rejecting his words. The soldiers tried to curb the screaming crowds, yet the people\u2019s anger rose and they pointed their weapons to the emperor, he stood bravely amidst them and said: \u201cstab me with your weapons, I do not fear threats and I do not dread blusters.\u201d People had nothing to do except to lay down their weapons as they stood in awe of him.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0The Caesar marched with his armies and defeated Ardashir who fled terrified, Alexander Severus returned to Rome victoriously and was welcomed with joys in Rome. After a while, he led an army to invade Germany which had announced disobedience to Rome, yet when he reached France, sedition sparked among his soldiers in their camp and they fought each other, they entered the tent of the emperor and killed him!<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Regarding Egypt\u2019s conditions under his reign, historians mentioned that his days were of prosperity, progress and sophistication in architecture, knowledge and all science branches; literature and philosophy. Maximinus Caesar succeeded Alexander Severus Caesar<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">Maximinus Caesar (235 \u2013 238 AD)<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Authors and historians recounted that Maximinus Caesar was of a significantly huge body approaching the giants! Some described his tall height that reached two meters and a half! As for his appearance, he was dreadful for all who saw him, and his strength was beyond imagination that he was able to destroy a tree with his hands!<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0He joined the army during the days of Emperor Severus Caesar through a wondrous incident; when he went to the king in order to work for him, the king, after observing his gigantism, ordered him to engage in fights with other soldiers, and he defeated a large number of them, so he was allowed entry to the army. As for the senior positions he occupied in the army, he did not reach them until Emperor Alexander Severus Caesar assumed power, who then appointed him a commander of one of the armies. His military skills appeared at the war against the Persians. After the death of the Caesar, his soldiers announced him as a king, and soon the other armies joined them and then the Roman Senate. Thus, he became the Caesar of Rome. \u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0What was weird about Maximinus Caesar is that he was the first Roman emperor to have not set foot in Rome. He was also the first barracks\u2019 emperor or military emperor who ruled Rome from 235 AD until 284 AD during the Roman Empire crisis and they were 14 emperors. The barracks\u2019 emperors could not boast of their families or prominent posts, because all what they had was their military post and the weapons their soldiers carried.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Maximinus Caesar was an unjust, violent committer of unjustified murderers; he hated the noblemen of Rome, especially those who supported the former emperor, so he murdered quite a few of them. He cruelly treated whoever he was suspicious at attempting to get rid of him or planning for plots against. There were attempts to get rid of him, yet they all failed.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0The onset of Maximinus\u2019 rule was the beginning of the so-called \u201cThird-Century Crisis\u201d or \u201cThe Empire Crisis\u201d. The Roman Empire suffered from this crisis between 235 and 248 AD, which caused three problems simultaneously: the external invasion of the empire, the civil war inside the country and the economic collapse.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0The Caesar had bestowed gifts on the soldiers for the taxes imposed on the people. The tax collectors used the most horrific ways to raise these funds from the people. Maximinus severely persecuted the Christians, whom he considered to be the enemies of Rome. He killed a very large number of them. Most of the martyrs were bishops and priests who were thrown to the savage beasts according to his order.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Given the terrible injustice of the Caesar and his hatred of justice, his soldiers and the people revolted against him, ousted him and crowned the two kings; Gordian the Father and Gordian the Son. They were among the noble families of Rome who lived in Africa in Cartagena (Morocco). They were of a good conduct that after the revolution in Africa against the Roman injustice, they were appointed as two emperors, which made the Roman Senate give them the name \u201cAugust\u201d. While Maximinus was preparing to fight them in order to restore the throne of Rome, Cappellianus, the Roman governor, was preparing to fight them too, so both Gordian were defeated and murdered.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">\u00a0 \u00a0Afterwards, the Roman Senate appointed Poppianus and Poppinus to the throne of Rome. When Maximinus was informed about this, he led his army to Rome, yet its gates were closed before him, so he put it under siege. However, his soldiers suffered from diseases and shortage of food, so they revolted against him and killed him and \u2026 Stories about Beautiful Egypt never end!<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">The General Bishop<\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: 'andale mono', times;\">Head of Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-family: Tahoma; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0629 (21)\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">\u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong style=\"font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: 'times new roman', times; color: #ff0000;\">&#8220;\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0640\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"font-weight: normal; font-size: 22px; font-family: 'Pontano Sans', arial, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"margin: 5px; max-width: 98%; height: auto;\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.almasryalyoum.com\/\/sites\/default\/files\/imagecache\/thumb_115_140\/lnb_rmy.jpg\" \/><\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-family: Tahoma; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u2013 20 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2013\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Tahoma; background-color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px; font-family: 'times new roman', times;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[6391,6389,12106,479,481,127,480],"class_list":["post-2661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-almasry-alyoum","tag-beautiful-egypt","tag-the-crisis-of-the-empire","tag-479","tag-481","tag-127","tag-480"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2661"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63020,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2661\/revisions\/63020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2661"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2661"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}