{"id":49059,"date":"2017-08-13T12:45:28","date_gmt":"2017-08-13T10:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/site\/?p=49059"},"modified":"2017-08-21T11:01:13","modified_gmt":"2017-08-21T09:01:13","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a9-218-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a1-1382017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a9-218-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%ae%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a1-1382017\/","title":{"rendered":"Beautiful Egypt 218 \u2013 \u00abOne Proconsul, Four Caliphs\u00bb \u2013 August 13, 2017"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0 \u00a0In the previous article, we resumed tackling the tenure of Anbasah bin Isaac which witnessed raids from the Romans, turmoil in southern Upper Egypt, as well as assigning Egypt\u2019s affairs to al-Fath bin Khaqan, instead of al-Muntasir, al-Mutawakil\u2019s son. Anbasah was succeeded by Yazid bin Abdullah.<\/span><\/h2>\n

Yazid bin Abdullah (242 Hijri) (758 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Yazid bin Abdullah bin Dinar was Turkish. He was assigned Egypt\u2019s affairs after Anbasah\u2019s deposition. Yazid ruled Egypt for more than ten years, which is the longest tenure Egypt had witnessed during the Abbasid period. Historians assert that Yazid was the first to annul announcing funerals and order the beating of whoever did so. Also, he prohibited betting on horses. Al-Kindi writes, \u201cIn Shawwal, Yazid ordered that the Sultan\u2019s horses be sold. He prohibited betting. Thus, it stopped for forty-nine years.\u201d<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Taghribirdi asserts that he treated Shi\u2019a and Alawites so cruelly, \u201cthat he chased and exterminated them. Then, he turned against the Alawites, putting them into tribulation and expelling them from Egypt.\u201d<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Al-Kindi also points out that Yazid ordered flogging a soldier ten backlashes because of a mistake. So, the soldier pleaded Yazid in the name of al-Hassan and al-Hussein to pardon him. However, Yazid sentenced him to thirty backlashes! When al-Mutawakil was informed of this, he ordered Yazid to increase the backlashes to one hundred! This he did, then sent the soldier to Baghdad.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Also, when Yazid got to know of the Romans\u2019 advent to Damietta, he left al-Fustat and went to stay there for a time that was void of wars. So, he returned to the capital. Yet, no sooner had he done so than he got to know that the Romans returned to Damietta. Historians are not unanimous regarding this affair. Some, such as Taghribirdi, assert it was Damietta, while others, like al-Kindi and Maqrizi, maintain that it was Pelusium, Sinai. Yazid headed to them, yet never encountered them. So, he stayed there for a while, after which he returned to Egypt.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Because agriculture has always been important to Egypt, a Nilometer was built. It was moved from Nubia to Memphis, Ansana, then Akhmim, after which Amr bin al-\u2018As built a Nilometer at Aswan, and another in Ansana during Mu\u2019awiya\u2019s tenure. A Nilometer was established in Helwan, in accordance with Abdul Aziz bin Marawan\u2019s order, then another in al-Rhoda island during the tenure of Soliman bin Abdul Malik. A Nilometer was also built in al-Rhoda island during the tenure of Yazid bin Abdullah. It was a huge edifice that was known as the Hashemite Nilometer or the Great Nilometer.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Taghribirdi writes, \u201cAl-Mutawakil built a Nilometer in al-Rhoda in 247 Hijri (861 A.D.) during the tenure of Yazid bin Abdullah. This is the great Nilometer, also known as, the New one. Engineer Mohammed bin Kathir al-Far\u2019ani came over from Iraq to handle its building. Al-Mutawakil ordered that Christians be prohibited from measuring it. So, the proconsul of Egypt, Yazid bin Abdullah, appointed Abul Raddad al-Faqih, the teacher, supervisor\u2026\u201d The building of this Nilometer cost a lot of money and effort.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Historians also point out that during his tenure, many destructive earthquakes occurred in several countries. Taghribirdi writes that during the third year of Yazid\u2019s tenure, earthquakes hit Iraq, Morocco, Antioch, and Khorasan, thus, ruining castles, cities, and bridges, and killing numerous people. Horrific sounds emanated from the sky and, \u201cThere was an earthquake in Egypt; and the people of Belbeis heard a horrible sound, and many of them died. The earth drowned out in Mecca springs.\u201d The earthquake happened again during the seventh year of Yazid\u2019s tenure, 249 Hijiri (863-864 A.D.), killing numerous people. Plague spread in Iraq, killing a great deal of the population.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0During the fifth year of Yazid\u2019s tenure, 247 Hijri (861 A.D.), al-Mutawakil was killed, along with his minister al-Fath bin Khaqan. He was succeeded by his son, al-Muntasir who, yet, died six months later. During the sixth year of Yazid\u2019s tenure, 248 Hijri (862 A.D.), the caliphate was passed on to al-Musta\u2019in bellah, is al-Muntasir\u2019s cousin, who was deposed, and the caliphate was passed on to al-Mu\u2019taz bellah, al-Mutawakil\u2019s son. Thus, Yazid was contemporary to four caliphs.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0In the light of the tumultuous affairs of the caliphate, Egypt witnessed Alexandria Rebellion in 252 Hijri (866 A.D.) It was led by a Jabir bin al-Walid and resulted in an outbreak of a war between Yazid and Jabir which lasted for a while in which one team overcame the other once. When Yazid could not emerge victorious, he would seek al-Mu\u2019taz bellah\u2019s aid. So, he sent him a great army led by Muzahim bin Khaqan which joined Yazid\u2019s army. Fierce battles broke out, ending up in the defeat of Jabir, the rebel, and his troops. When the war ended, the caliph deposed Yazid, appointing Muzahim in his stead.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0As for the Church, one of Abba Yehnes\u2019 Monastery\u2019s monks was nominated candidate for the patriarchate, after the departure of Pope Youssab I in 849 A.D.<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pope Khail II (849-851 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0After the departure of Pope Youssab I, father Khail was unanimously chosen. So, he was ordained patriarch. He was the fifty-third patriarch. No sooner had he become in charge of the Church\u2019s affairs, than he was annoyed by some proconsuls who continued asking him for money, lest they depose him! Such bothering was too pressuring that the Pope had to sell the Church\u2019s tools in order to pay the money. Also, during his papacy, al-Mutawakil compelled Jews and Christians to wear honey-colored clothes to discriminate them from Muslims.<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Pope Khail II\u2019s tenure did not last for a long time, as he departed in 851 A.D., having been Pope for one year and five months. He was succeeded by Pope Quzman II, which is another story. Stories never end in Beautiful Egypt.<\/span><\/h2>\n

General Bishop<\/span><\/h2>\n

Head of the Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u00a0In the previous article, we resumed tackling the tenure of Anbasah bin Isaac which witnessed raids from the Romans, turmoil in southern Upper Egypt, as well as assigning Egypt\u2019s affairs to al-Fath bin Khaqan, instead of al-Muntasir, al-Mutawakil\u2019s son. Anbasah was succeeded by Yazid bin Abdullah. Yazid bin Abdullah (242 Hijri) (758 A.D.) \u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":19638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[6391,6389,9203,240,9129,682,642],"class_list":["post-49059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-almasry-alyoum","tag-beautiful-egypt","tag-one-proconsul-four-caliphs","tag---2","tag-9129","tag-682","tag-642"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49059"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49059"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49059\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49212,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49059\/revisions\/49212"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}