<\/p>\n
In the previous article, we tackled the conflict between al-Musta\u2019in whose premises was Baghdad and al-Mu\u2019taz in Samarra. This was changed into a war that culminated in al-Musta\u2019in\u2019s deposition of himself, after which he was killed. Likewise, we demonstrated the state\u2019s internal and external affairs during al-Musta\u2019in\u2019s tenure and the rebellions that were ignited. We also tackled al-Mu\u2019taz\u2019s tenure (252-255 Hijri) (866-869 A.D.) which witnessed tumult, conspiracies as well as weakness in the caliph\u2019s power.<\/strong><\/span> General Bishop<\/strong><\/span> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In the previous article, we tackled the conflict between al-Musta\u2019in whose premises was Baghdad and al-Mu\u2019taz in Samarra. This was changed into a war that culminated in al-Musta\u2019in\u2019s deposition of himself, after which he was killed. Likewise, we demonstrated the state\u2019s internal and external affairs during al-Musta\u2019in\u2019s tenure and the rebellions that were ignited. We […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":19638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51840"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51840"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52596,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51840\/revisions\/52596"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nAdditionally, we mentioned that the caliph befriended Baikbak who he assigned the state\u2019s affairs after Bugha\u2019s murder. He assigned him Egypt\u2019s affairs and the choice of her proconsul. So, he chose Ahmad bin Tulun to be his deputy in 254 Hijri (868 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span>
\nAl-Mu\u2019taz Deposed<\/strong><\/span>
\nAl-Mu\u2019taz did not have as much power as the Turkish commanders did. The State\u2019s treasury was void during his tenure; so much so that he could not pay his sentries, which instigated them. They were led by Salih bin Waseef. Historians assert that Salih went to al-Mu\u2019taz, accusing his minister Ahmed bin Israel and his associates of ransacking the State\u2019s money. \u201cSo, Ahmed bin Israel answered him harshly. When Salih\u2019s associates were informed, they went to al-Mu\u2019taz and pointed their swords at him.<\/strong><\/span>
\nWhen al-Mu\u2019taz saw this, he left them. So, Salih took Ahmed bin Israel and al-Hassan bin Mukhallad, the scribe of Qabiha, al-Mu\u2019taz\u2019s mother, as well as Abu Noah bin Eissa and demanded the money from them.\u201d Al-Mu\u2019taz and his mother tried in vain to save Ahmed. When they demanded money from the caliph, he could not make it, especially that his mother refused to give him some money. So, they consented to depose the caliph, which was fulfilled. In fact, Saleh bin Waseef, Baikbak, and Mohammed bin Bugha entered to him, carrying their weapons, ousted him after beating him and making him stand in the sun. Then the minister of justice brought about the caliph\u2019s deposition letter which he signed in witness of the attendees, after which he was given in to someone who tortured him to death.<\/strong><\/span>
\nCaliph Mohammed al-Muhtadi Bellah (255-256 Hijri) (869-870 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span>
\nMohammed al-Muhtadi Bellah Harun al-Wathiq bin al-Mu\u2019tasim became the fourteenth caliph after the deposition of al-Mu\u2019taz. Historians maintain that al-Muhtadi was in Baghdad when al-Mu\u2019taz was deposed. The Turks offered him the caliphate, but he refused in order to make sure from al-Mu\u2019taz who told him, \u201cYou\u2019re absolved from allegiance to me.\u201d Only then, he ascended the Abbasid State\u2019s throne.<\/strong><\/span>
\nIt is said that al-Muhtadi was just and pious. Likewise, he took care of the State\u2019s financial affairs. As for his relationship with the Turks, he tried to attenuate their despotism by spreading seditions amongst them. It is said that while Moses bin Bugha and Baikbak were fighting some rebels in Mosul, the caliph sent each individually, asking him to kill the other! When they got to know of the caliph\u2019s intentions, they returned to Samarra to confront him, but he arrested Baikbak and had him put to death.\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\nThis was the beginning of conflict between al-Muhtadi and the Turks who started getting ready to fight him. War broke out between the two factions, ending up in the caliph\u2019s defeat, arrest, and deposition. It is said that he died mysteriously after several days, having been caliph for eleven months and fifteen days.<\/strong><\/span>
\nAs for Egypt\u2019s affairs at that time, she was gravely impact. When al-Mu\u2019taz became caliph, Yazid bin Abdullah was still proconsul of Egypt (242-253 Hijri) (856-867 A.D.) We spoke about his tenure which exceeded ten years and came to an end by the rebellion of Jabir bin al-Waleed in Alexandria as well as the outbreak of wars. In fact, the caliph dispatched troops led by Muzahim bin Khaqan which joined Yazid\u2019s army. Fierce battles broke out, ending up in the rebel\u2019s defeat. When the war ended, the caliph deposed Yazid bin Abdullah, appointing Muzahim in his stead.<\/strong><\/span>
\nMuzahim bin Khaqan (253-254 Hijri) (867-868 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span>
\nMuzahim bin Khaqan Artouj is the brother of al-Fath bin Khaqan, al-Mutawakkil\u2019s chief minister who was killed with him. He took over Egypt\u2019s affairs after the deposition of Yazid bin Abdullah. He was tough, which instigated Egyptians against him. He started by fighting the people of al-Houf, Lower Egypt, then those of Tarouja, Beheira, then al-Fayyum, killing many. Historians assert that, \u201cAfter al-Fayyum, he started fighting the people of other villages.\u201d Likewise, he instigated his chief of police to take severe measures against people, such as forbidding women to go out of their houses or to public baths or graveyards and prohibiting people from saying \u201cIn the Name of God\u2026\u201d loudly in mosques. Also, he ordered people to stand uprightly in mosques, forbidding them from using pillows.<\/strong><\/span>
\nHe also forbade people from tearing their robes in grief for the dead, blackening their faces, or shaving their hair, and prohibited women from crying out. It is said that the punishment of violating either was, \u201cputting many to death, and making others suffer to death.\u201d He remained like this till he got sick and died in 254 Hijri (868 A.D.), having ruled Egypt for one year and ten months.<\/strong><\/span>
\nAhmed bin Muzahim (254 Hijri) (868 A.D.)\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>
\nAhmed bin Muzahim bin Khaqan had Egypt\u2019s affairs delegated to him during his father\u2019s sickness. Al-Mu\u2019taz accredited his reign after his father\u2019s death. Yet, his tenure was not that long, for he got sick and died after about two months. Taghribirdi writes, \u201cAhmed was a well-informed young man, loved by his subjects. Yet, his tenure was not so long as to be praised or criticized.\u201d Archur bin Ulug Turkhan, the Turk was appointed after him.<\/strong><\/span>
\nArchur bin Ulug Turkhan (254 Hijri) (868 A.D.)<\/strong><\/span>
\nHe is a grand Abbasid prince who was born and reared in Baghdad. He won the respect of her caliphs. He came over to Egypt, and was assigned the police department affairs. Then, he became proconsul after the death of Ahmed bin Muzahim, having been assigned by Caliph al-Mu\u2019taz. His tenure lasted for about five months and a half. Then Ahmed bin Tulun took over. Thus, the year 254 Hijri witnessed the tenure of four princes, namely, Muzahim bin Khaqan, Ahmed bin Muzahim his son, Archur bin Ulug, and Ahmed bin Tulun who founded the Tulunid State in Egypt, only to start a new story. Stories never end in Beautiful Egypt.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\nHead of the Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n