<\/p>\n
In the previous article, we tackled the conditions turmoil in Egypt, appointing Caliph Muhammad ibn Tughj as its ruler, then ousting him by Ahmed Ibn Kayghalagh, whose days were full of strife, wars, conflicts, and earthquakes. Upon the assumption of Caliph Al Radi, Muhammad ibn Tughj was appointed as Egypt\u2019s ruler again.<\/span><\/strong> The General Bishop<\/span><\/strong><\/span> <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" In the previous article, we tackled the conditions turmoil in Egypt, appointing Caliph Muhammad ibn Tughj as its ruler, then ousting him by Ahmed Ibn Kayghalagh, whose days were full of strife, wars, conflicts, and earthquakes. Upon the assumption of Caliph Al Radi, Muhammad ibn Tughj was appointed as Egypt\u2019s ruler again. Muhammad ibn Tughj […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":19638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64755"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64755"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68403,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64755\/revisions\/68403"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copticocc.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nMuhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid\u2019s Second Term (323 \u2013 334 AH) (926 \u2013 946AD) <\/span><\/strong>
\nHe is the founder of the Ikhshidid state in Egypt. Ikhshid is an old Persian title which was given to the kings of the Farghanians. Ibn Taghri stated that Ikhshid, as per the Farghanians\u2019 language, means the king of kings. Caliph Al Radi granted Muhammad Ibn Tughj Ibn Juff this title in 327 AH (939 AD) upon his second term of ruling Egypt.<\/span><\/strong>
\nDuring the rule of Muhammad ibn Tughj, the supporters of Ahmed Ibn Kayghalagh instigated a strife resulting in wars which broke out between the two sides, ending with the defeat of the supporters of Ibn Kayghalagh. They left Egypt, heading to Cyrenaica then to Morocco where they stirred Al Qa’im bi-Amr Allah Ibn al Mahdi up to seize Egypt, so he prepared his armies for fighting, when Al-Ikhshid heard the news, he set his armies ready too. <\/span><\/strong>
\nIn the meantime, Al-Ikhshid received a letter from the Abbasid caliph informing him about the departure of Muhammad Ibn Ra\u2019ik to the Levant, he was appointed to rule Aleppo, yet he wanted to rule the entire Levant countries. He asked Al-Ikhshid to pay a Jizya (tax) on the Ikhshidid properties in the Levant. Al-Ikhshid tried to appease him yet he failed to reduce his ambitions. Ibn Ra\u2019ik took over Homs, Damascus and Ramla, then headed to El Arish to seize Egypt.<\/span><\/strong>
\nAl-Ikhshid contacted the Abbasid caliph, telling him about Ibn Al Ra\u2019ik\u2019s ambitions, in order to know whether it was the caliph who appointed Ibn Al Ra\u2019ik over these countries\u2019 rule or not, as he would fight him whenever he would be asked to. Receiving Al-Ikhshid\u2019s letter, the caliph left the decision to the prince of princes, who then declared that he who would win the fight will have the privilege of taking the decision. Al-Ikhshid gor angry of the caliph\u2019s stance , and desired to separate from the Ababsid Caliphate, resorting to the Fatimids, yet he retreated from this desire and began to prepare for fighting Ibn Ra\u2019ik by land and water in 328 AH (939 AD). He stayed in Alfarma while Ibn Ra\u2019ik resided in Ramla. After several maneuvers, some sought reconciliation, so they agreed to keep Ramla under Al-Ikhshid\u2019s rule, while Tiberias and the neighboring countries towards the north would be kept under Ibn Ra\u2019ik\u2019s rule. Al-Ikhshid returned to Egypt.<\/span><\/strong>
\nHowever, Ibn Ra\u2019ik\u2019 did not abide by the treaty and submitted his troops to Egypt; once Al-Ikhsid knew about it, he engaged promptly in a battle against Ibn Ra\u2019ik in Al Arish where the former was defeated, yet he managed to re organize his forces, while Ibn Ra\u2019ik\u2019s soldiers were busy looting the booty; thus, their victory changed into defeat after a large number of them was killed and arrested. Ibn Ra\u2019ik fled with a number of his companions; they were followed by the brother of Al-Ikhshid, who was called Abu Nasr al-Hussein, but he was killed, some of his men were captured by the forces of Ibn Ra\u2019ik. Later on, reconciliation was renewed between the two sides! Ibn Taghri said: \u201cWhen Al Hussein Ibn Tughj; Al-Ikhsid\u2019s brother, was killed in the battle, Muhammad ibn Ra\u2019ik was sorry for his murder, so he enshrouded him and sent his own son, Mozahem to Al-Ikhshid, together with a letter in which he consoled Al-Ikhshid, apologized to him and swore that he had not intended to kill his brother, noting that sending his own son Mozahem is a type of ransom of Al Hussein Ibn Tughj in case Al-Ikhshid desired.\u201d<\/span><\/strong>
\nAl-Ikhsid was touched by this, so he welcomed Mozahem warmly and sent him back to his father. The two adversaries then were reconciled, on condition that Ramla was to be governed by Al-Ikhshid in exchange for one hundred and forty thousand dinars yearly, while Ibn Ra\u2019ik would rule the rest of the Levant, in addition to releasing the captures of both sides. And … Stories about beautiful Egypt never end!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\nHead of the Coptic Orthodox Cultural Center<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n