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In the previous article we talked about the attempts of developing communications between humans and how it works; which was followed by a new curve: as man started trying to invent a device that could perform the mathematical and logical operations of the human mind. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Some scholars mentioned that the advent of the computer dates back to the 18th<\/sup> century, when <\/strong>Joseph Marie Jacquard, who was a French weaver and a merchant (1752-1834) made the earliest programmable loom to weave clothes: (the “<\/strong>Jacquard loom<\/strong><\/span><\/a>“), which in turn played an important role in the development of other programmable machines such as the computer.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Later on the world witnessed a new development with Charles Babbage (1791-1871), who was a British mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, the inventor of the <\/strong>mechanical computer<\/strong><\/span><\/a>, who designed the first computer in the world in 1822; and called it the \u201cDifference Engine\u201d, which has an identical copy at the Science Museum in London<\/strong>. But it wasn\u2019t used as it was just an idea that he made to invent the computer; at that time the <\/strong>arithmetic operations<\/strong><\/span><\/a> were calculated in a large computational tables made by specialists for helping people to perform complicated arithmetic operations.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Babbage thought that those people who prepare these tables are just humans, who are exposed to error, while a machine can be accurate if he could make it perform the arithmetic operations. That\u2019s how he started his journey; he spent approximately ten years in building his machine that he named \u201cthe First <\/strong>Mechanical Computer<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u201d but he didn\u2019t reach operating it. Instead Babbage decided to build a new machine better than the calculator, to invent the meaning of the first computer, capable of programming and named it: the \u201c<\/strong>Analytical Engine<\/strong><\/span><\/a>\u201d. It was multifunction and resembled computers in usage, he put the designs of the \u201cSecond Mechanical Computer\u201d, but the work on was never completed as the required fundings weren\u2019t enough.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n A team from the Science Museum in London made an identical copy of Babbage\u2019s designs and they succeeded in operating it in 1991, for celebrating two centuries of his birth.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n The first generation of computers appeared in the mid of the last century (1942-1954), which was characterized by using the vacuum tubes as a basic component, inefficiency, and supporting the Machine Language only, along with high cost, generating high temperature, huge consume of electricity, slowness, heavy weight and large size. The computer of the United States Digital Bureau was considered the first commercial computer. Also one of the prototypes of that generation was \u201cIBM-701\u201d.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n